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Domesticated rice Poaceae ("true grass") family, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. These plants are native to humid and subtropical southern Asia and southeastern Africa. Rice provides more than one fifth of the calories consumed global by humans.(The term "wild rice" can refer to the wild species of Oryza, but predictably refers to species of the related genus Zizania, both wild and domesticated.) Rice is grown as a monocarpic annual plant, although in tropical areas it can endure as a perpetual and can produce a ratoon crop. Rice can grow to 1–1.8 m tall, intermittently more depending on the variety and soil fecundity. The grass has long, slender leaves 50–100 cm long and 2–2.5 cm broad. The small wind-pollinated flowers are shaped in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm long. The seed is a particle (caryopsis) 5–12 mm long and 2–3 mm thick.

Rice is a fasten for a large part of the world's human populace, especially in East, South and Southeast Asia, making it the most consumed cereal grain. Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high precipitation, as it is very labour-intensive to develop and requires plenty of water for cultivation.

Rice can be grown virtually anywhere, even on steep hillsides. Although its species are native to South Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it humdrum in many cultures.

The conventional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields with or after setting the young seedlings. This simple method requires sound planning and servicing of the water damming and channeling, but reduces the growth of lesser strong tidy and pest plants and reduces vermin that has no submerged growth state. However, with rice growing and agriculture the flooding is not mandatory, whereas all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different draw near for fertilizing the mud.

The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the globe Earth and retained by the Earth's magnitude. It contains roughly 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. This mixture of gases is commonly known as air. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar emission and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

There is no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. It slowly becomes thinner and fades into space. Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within 11 km of the terrestrial surface. In the United States, people who travel above an elevation of 80.5 km (50 statute miles) are designated astronauts. An altitude of 120 km (~75 miles or 400,000 ft) marks the periphery where distinctive effects become noticeable during re-entry. The Kármán line, at 100 km (62 miles or 328,000 ft), is also frequently regarded as the margin between atmosphere and outer space.

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and taint a computer without consent or knowledge of the user. However, the term "virus" is commonly used, albeit speciously, to refer to many different types of malware programs. The original virus may modify the copies, or the copies may modify themselves, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user sending it over a network or the Internet, or by carrying it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB drive. Meanwhile viruses can spread to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses. A maggot can spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a file that appears harmless. Both worms and Trojans will make harm to computers when executed.

Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to local area networks, facilitating the spread of malevolent code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, Instant Messaging and file sharing systems to spread, blurring the line between viruses and worms. Furthermore, some sources use an alternative expressions in which a virus is any form of self-replicating malware.

Some viruses are programmed to damage the computer by damaging programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard disk. Others are not designed to do any damage, but simply repeat themselves and perhaps make their existence known by presenting text, video, or audio messages. Even these benign viruses can create problems for the computer user. They typically take up computer memory used by genuine programs. As a result, they often cause changeable behavior and can result in system crashes. In addition, many viruses are bug-ridden, and these bugs may lead to system crashes and data loss.

Niagara Falls is a set of massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian territory of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York. The falls are located 17 miles (27 km) north-northwest of Buffalo, New York, 75 miles (120 km) south-southeast of Toronto, Ontario, between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, New York.

Niagara Falls is composed of two major sections parted by Goat Island: Horseshoe Falls, on the Canadian side of the border and American Falls on the United States side. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls also is located on the American side, separated from the main falls by Luna Island. Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly-formed Great Lakes stamped a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very extensive. More than six million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water fall over the crest line every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average. It is the most powerful waterfall in North America.

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a precious source of hydroelectric power (Sir Adam Beck Generating Station)EST 1917. Managing the balance between leisure, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 1800s.