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Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation which is unusually acidic. It has dangerous effects on the environment and on structures. It is mostly caused by emissions due to human activity of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which respond in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years, many governments have introduced laws to lessen these emissions. Both lower pH and higher aluminum concentration in the surface water that occur as a result of acid rain can cause damage to fish and other aquatic animals. At pHs lower than 5 most of the fish eggs would not hatch and lower pHs can kill adult fish. As lakes become more acidic biodiversity is also reduced. Soil biology can be critically damaged by acid rain. Some tropical microbes can quickly consume acids but other microbes are incapable to tolerate low pHs and are killed. The enzymes of these microbes are denatured by the acid. The hydronium ions of acid rain also mobilize toxins and filter away essential nutrients and minerals

The Meenakshi temple complex is literally a city one of the largest of its kind in India and one of the oldest.Various kings have renovated it, adding many convoluted corridors here, larger-than-life sculptures there, polishing an abode suitable for Meenakshi, one of the many forms of goddess Parvati (consort of Lord Shiva). Stonewalls and towers of the Meenakshi temple is rising out of the teeming streets of Madurais city center. From her rambling maze-like palace, the Goddess Meenakshi presides here. It is said that her image (all three and a half feet tucked into the ancient and dark sanctuary, which is lit by a steady glow from an oil lamp) is carved out of a single emerald.This whole magnificent temple complex sprawls over an area of 6 hectares. It also has 12 gopurams, ranging in height from 45 to 50 m, which is the tallest being the southern one. The southern gateway is very beautifully proportioned and is nine stories high.

A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance.Trees are an important component of the natural landscape because of their prevention of erosion and the provision of a specific weather-sheltered ecosystem in and under their foliage. Trees have also been found to play an important role in producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as moderating ground temperatures. They are also vital elements in landscaping and agriculture, both for their aesthetic appeal and their orchard crops (such as apples). Wood from trees is a common building material. Trees also play an intimate role in many of the world's mythologies.

Hurricane Katrina was the one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. It was the sixth-strongest Atlantic hurricane that was ever recorded and the third-strongest hurricane on record that made landfall in the United States. Katrina formed on August 23 during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and caused devastation along the north-central Gulf Coast. The most severe loss of life and property damage occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana, which flooded as the levee system catastrophically failed; in many cases hours after the storm had moved inland. In the 2005 Atlantic season, Katrina was the eleventh tropical storm, fifth hurricane, third major hurricane, and second Category 5 hurricane.

An earthquake is caused by sudden, violent shifting of massive rocks called plates lying under the earth's surface. This movement of the plates releases stress that accumulates along geologic faults. A fault is a deep crack that marks the boundary between two of the plates. Earthquake belts occur along faults all around the world. Many run along coastal areas. The San Andreas Fault in central California is well-known for causing most severe earthquakes. The epicenter is the point on the surface where the earthquake is strongest. The Richter scale is used to measure the amount of energy that is released by the earthquake.

Domesticated rice Poaceae ("true grass") family, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. These plants are native to humid and subtropical southern Asia and southeastern Africa. Rice provides more than one fifth of the calories consumed global by humans.(The term "wild rice" can refer to the wild species of Oryza, but predictably refers to species of the related genus Zizania, both wild and domesticated.) Rice is grown as a monocarpic annual plant, although in tropical areas it can endure as a perpetual and can produce a ratoon crop. Rice can grow to 1–1.8 m tall, intermittently more depending on the variety and soil fecundity. The grass has long, slender leaves 50–100 cm long and 2–2.5 cm broad. The small wind-pollinated flowers are shaped in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm long. The seed is a particle (caryopsis) 5–12 mm long and 2–3 mm thick.

Rice is a fasten for a large part of the world's human populace, especially in East, South and Southeast Asia, making it the most consumed cereal grain. Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high precipitation, as it is very labour-intensive to develop and requires plenty of water for cultivation.

Rice can be grown virtually anywhere, even on steep hillsides. Although its species are native to South Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it humdrum in many cultures.

The conventional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields with or after setting the young seedlings. This simple method requires sound planning and servicing of the water damming and channeling, but reduces the growth of lesser strong tidy and pest plants and reduces vermin that has no submerged growth state. However, with rice growing and agriculture the flooding is not mandatory, whereas all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different draw near for fertilizing the mud.

The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the globe Earth and retained by the Earth's magnitude. It contains roughly 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. This mixture of gases is commonly known as air. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar emission and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

There is no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. It slowly becomes thinner and fades into space. Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within 11 km of the terrestrial surface. In the United States, people who travel above an elevation of 80.5 km (50 statute miles) are designated astronauts. An altitude of 120 km (~75 miles or 400,000 ft) marks the periphery where distinctive effects become noticeable during re-entry. The Kármán line, at 100 km (62 miles or 328,000 ft), is also frequently regarded as the margin between atmosphere and outer space.

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and taint a computer without consent or knowledge of the user. However, the term "virus" is commonly used, albeit speciously, to refer to many different types of malware programs. The original virus may modify the copies, or the copies may modify themselves, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user sending it over a network or the Internet, or by carrying it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB drive. Meanwhile viruses can spread to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses. A maggot can spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a file that appears harmless. Both worms and Trojans will make harm to computers when executed.

Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to local area networks, facilitating the spread of malevolent code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, Instant Messaging and file sharing systems to spread, blurring the line between viruses and worms. Furthermore, some sources use an alternative expressions in which a virus is any form of self-replicating malware.

Some viruses are programmed to damage the computer by damaging programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard disk. Others are not designed to do any damage, but simply repeat themselves and perhaps make their existence known by presenting text, video, or audio messages. Even these benign viruses can create problems for the computer user. They typically take up computer memory used by genuine programs. As a result, they often cause changeable behavior and can result in system crashes. In addition, many viruses are bug-ridden, and these bugs may lead to system crashes and data loss.

Niagara Falls is a set of massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian territory of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York. The falls are located 17 miles (27 km) north-northwest of Buffalo, New York, 75 miles (120 km) south-southeast of Toronto, Ontario, between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, New York.

Niagara Falls is composed of two major sections parted by Goat Island: Horseshoe Falls, on the Canadian side of the border and American Falls on the United States side. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls also is located on the American side, separated from the main falls by Luna Island. Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly-formed Great Lakes stamped a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very extensive. More than six million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water fall over the crest line every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average. It is the most powerful waterfall in North America.

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a precious source of hydroelectric power (Sir Adam Beck Generating Station)EST 1917. Managing the balance between leisure, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 1800s.

The water in a river is usually restrained to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider flood-plain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the feed. Flood plains may be very wide in relative to the size of the river channel. This dissimilarity between river channel and flood-plain can be blurred especially in urban areas where the flood-plain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.

The river channel itself typically contains a single stream of water but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water, producing a braided river. All-embracing braided rivers are found in only a few regions worldwide, such as the South Island of New Zealand. They also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastamosing rivers are similar to braided rivers. They have multiple graceful channels carrying large volumes of sediment. Due to the dynamics of this type of system, they are also quite rare.

A river flowing in its channel is a source of energy which acts on the river channel to change its shape and form. In steep torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the devastation of larger rocks. In U shaped glaciated valleys, the consequent river valley can often easily be identified by the V shaped channel that it has carved. In the middle reaches where the river may flow over flatter land, loops (meanders) may form through eroding of the river banks and declaration on the inside of bends. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake or billabong. Rivers that carry large amounts of deposit may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths, if conditions permit. Rivers, whose mouths are in brackish tidal waters, may form estuaries. River mouths may also be fjords or rias.